2019年7月，人大科哲教研室有幸邀请到国际学界三位著名教授开讲暑期课程,讲授技术哲学思维、技性科学、原初的技术性。邀请人为刘永谋教授。
《技术哲学：哲学思维导论》
Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction to Philosophical Thinking
主讲教授：Peter Kroes
彼特·克罗斯是荷兰代尔夫特理工大学（Delft University of Technology）技术哲学的荣誉教授，1974年获物理学工程学位，并于1982年在奈梅亨大学(University of Nijmegen)完成有关物理学理论上的时间概念的博士论文。克罗斯教授主要面向工程学生教授科学技术哲学和技术伦理课程。他在技术哲学方面的研究侧重于技术工程和工程设计的性质，社会技术系统的建模和技术知识的性质。
Peter Kroes is emeritus professor in Philosophy of Technology at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. He has an engineering degree in physics (1974) and wrote a PhD thesis on the notion of time in physical theories (University of Nijmegen, 1982). He has been teaching courses in Philosophy of Science and Technology and Ethics of Technology, mainly for engineering students. His research in Philosophy of Technology focuses on the nature of technical artifacts and engineering design, the modeling of socio-technical systems and the nature of technological knowledge.
课程内容：
本课程是以哲学的方式思考和提问的介绍。它集中于技术哲学，因为技术是现代生活中无处不在的主要特征。它质疑我们在思考技术及技术在现代生活中的作用时使用的一些基本概念和概念框架。通过这种做法，它将展示现代技术的社会讨论与哲学的相关性。在讲座和研讨会中，学生们将会对关于技术的哲学问题进行反思和辩论。
This course is an introduction to philosophical ways of thinking and questioning. It focusses on the philosophy of technology because technology is an all-pervasive and dominant feature of modern life. It questions some of the basic concepts and conceptual frameworks that we use in thinking about technology and its role in modern life. By doing so it will also show the relevance of philosophy for societal discussions about modern technology. During the lectures and the seminars the students will be challenged to reflect on and argue about philosophical issues about technology.
《纳米科学与合成生物学哲学：科技哲学中的“技性科学”研究》
Philosophy of Nanoscience and Synthetic Biology –Understanding the Technosciences
主讲人：Alfred Nordmann
阿尔弗雷德·诺德曼是德国达姆施塔特工业大学科学与技性科学哲学教授。他的工作最初涉及到关于科学革命的争论，以及每个科学学科是否为探索自己的对象领域设定了自己的标准。他的案例研究涉及18世纪的电学理论，现代化学的起源，19世纪的进化生物学，20世纪的社会学和护理科学。自2000年以来，诺德曼一直致力于研究纳米技术，合成生物学，材料科学，信息技术和合成化学等所谓的“技性科学”。通过对这种广泛的研究实践进行哲学分析，使其能够对比实现客观性，解释和理解，预测和技术控制的不同方式。这最终建构起一个发展技性科学哲学的大规模项目，以弥补科学哲学中的一些空白与缺陷。
Alfred Nordmann is professor of Philosophy of Science and of Technoscience at the Technische Universität Darmstadt in Germany. His work initially took up the debates about scientific revolutions and the question whether each scientific discipline sets its own standards for exploring its own world of objects. His case studies took him to 18th century theories of electricity, the beginning of modern chemistry, 19th century evolutionary biology, 20th century sociology and nursing science. Since the year 2000, Nordmann has been engaged primarily with the study of so-called technosciences like nanotechnology, synthetic biology, materials science, information technology, and synthetic chemistry. The philosophical analysis of this wide range of research practices allows him to contrast different ways of achieving objectivity, explanation and understanding, predictive and technical control. This has culminated in a large-scale project to develop a Philosophy of Technoscience which compensates some of the shortcomings of the philosophy of science.
课程内容：
本课程探讨的纳米科学和合成生物学的哲学。这两个领域都是正在蓬勃发展的新兴技术，在未来具有极大发展空间。将它们组合在一起具有很大意义，因为它们以理想的方式代表了所谓的“技性科学”——这不是纯粹的基础科学或应用科学，也不是工程学，而是一种介于它们之间的东西。这些科学的独特方法特征包括模拟建模、计算机辅助设计、自动化实验平台、优化程序、容忍无知以及“我所无法创造的，即我所不能理解的”原则。另一个显著特征是伦理与认识论(关于知识的理论)之间的密切联系——在整个研究过程中，价值问题贯穿始终，揭示了技性科学与社会的复杂关系。当我们调查纳米技术研究和合成生物学的各种哲学维度时，我们将全面了解这些研究领域——它们的目标和企图、它们的方法和成就、它们的挑战和限制。我们将学会理解科学哲学和“技性科学”哲学提出了许多相同的问题，但却得出了截然不同的答案——技性科学对于历史学家，哲学家和学生们自身而言，是一个可以有很多新发现、值得做更多研究的领域。
There is a well-established philosophy of physics which investigates questions of knowledge and method and the basic vocabulary of physics – what do concepts like force, time, or space mean, and how are they used by physicists? There are also philosophies and chemistry and the social sciences. Along these lines, this course offers an introduction to the philosophies of nanoscience and of synthetic biology. Both of these fields are still very new and both are full of promise. It makes sense to group them together because they represent in ideal fashion what has been called “technoscience” – which is not pure or applied science and also not engineering but something in between. Among the distinctive methodological features of these sciences are simulation modelling, computer-aided design, automated experimental platforms, optimization procedures, a tolerance of ignorance, and the principle “what I cannot build, I do not understand.” Another distinctive feature is the close connection between ethics and epistemology (theory of knowledge) –throughout the research process, questions of value enter in and reveal the societal entanglement of the technosciences. As we survey the various philosophical dimensions of nanotechnological research and synthetic biology we will gain a comprehensive view of these areas of research – their objectives and ambitions, their methods and achievements, their challenges and limits. And we will learn to appreciate that the philosophies of science and of technoscience ask many of the same questions but arrive at very different answers – with much to do and to discover for historians, philosophers, and reflexive students of the technosciences.
《原初的技术性》
Originary Technicity
主讲人：Charlie Gere
查理·盖尔教授，目前就职于英国兰卡斯特大学，目前教授的研究主题广泛，包括新媒体艺术、艺术与技术、大陆哲学与技术。其中，盖尔教授主要研究兴趣是技术和媒体的文化效应和意义，尤其是与艺术和哲学的关系。
Professor Charlie Gere, who current teaching in the Lancaster University. Professor Charlie currently teaches on a range of topics, including new media art, art and technology, continental philosophy and technology.His main research interest is in the cultural effects and meanings of technology and media, particularly in relation to art and philosophy.
课程内容：
本课程将探讨原始技术的概念，主要见于伯纳德·斯蒂格勒和雅克·德里达的著作中，但也出现在其他大陆哲学家的著作中。技术问题在很大程度上被排除在西方哲学之外，至少直到20世纪。然而，这可以说是人类意义的核心问题。正如斯蒂格勒所说，工具创造了人类，或者人类通过发明工具创造了自己。本节课旨在梳理原始技术的概念，从古希腊时期的技术性出发，从康德、马克思、柏格森、胡塞尔、海德格尔、弗洛伊德、拉康、本杰明、西蒙栋、古尔汗、德里达、哈洛维、斯蒂格勒和许煜等哲学家关于技术性的思考与论述。
This course will look at the idea of ‘originary technicity’, as found principally in the work of Bernard Stigler, and Jacques Derrida but also prefigured in the work of other continental philosophers. The question of technics has largely been excluded from Western philosophy, at least until the 20th century. However it is arguably central to the very question of what it means to be human. As Stigler puts it ‘The tool invents the human, or the human invents himself by inventing the tool. Introducing the concept of ‘originary technicity’ and its major proponents, and discuss the way in which technics has been disavowed in philosophy since Plato and Aristotle. And from Plato and Aristotle, also introducing the thoughts from Immanuel Kant, Karl Marx, Henri Bergson, Edmond Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Walter Benjamin, Gilbert Simondon, Andre Leroi Gourhan, Jacques Derrida, Siegfried Kittler and Thomas Mullaney, Donna Haraway, Bernard Stigler, Yuk Hui.
(供稿：李泓贝、孙恩慧、张寻)
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