2021-王玮：技术的媒介化现象研究

题目：技术的媒介化现象研究

答辩人：王玮

指导老师：刘大椿教授

答辩时间：2021年5月21日

第1章绪论

1.1 选题的背景与研究意义

1.1.1选题的背景

1.1.2研究的意义

1.2 国内外研究综述

1.2.1技术哲学的研究传统

1.2.2传播学的研究传统

1.2.3技术媒介化研究的思想拾遗

1.3 研究思路与研究方法

1.3.1 研究思路与文章结构

1.3.2 研究的方法

1.4 研究的创新之处

1.5 研究不足与困难

第2章何为技术的媒介化

2.1 技术媒介化的外延界定和内涵辨析

2.1.1技术媒介化的外延界定

2.1.2技术媒介化的内涵辨析

2.1.3 狭义、广义技术之争中的技术媒介化

2.2 人工物层面的技术媒介化

2.3 文化符号层面的技术媒介化

2.4 社会环境层面的技术媒介化

2.5 本章小结

第3章技术如何媒介化

3.1 技术介入到信息传播中

3.1.1信息传播是连续统

3.1.2技术介入到信息传播中的主要特征

3.2 技术介入到身份构建中

3.2.1具有表征性的技术

3.2.2技术对身份的构建

3.3 技术介入到认知活动中

3.2.1技术决定人的自我认知

3.2.2技术塑造人的对象认知

3.2.3技术建构人的先天认知范畴

3.4 技术介入到社会环境中

3.4.1 技术介入到物质生活环境中

3.4.2 技术介入到精神文化环境中

3.5 本章小结

第4章为何技术会媒介化

4.1 技术的媒介化是技术的演化方式

4.1.1 技术的媒介化是技术革命的必然结果

4.1.2 技术的媒介化是技术演化的必然方向

4.1.3 技术的媒介化是技术竞争的必然选择

4.1.4 案例分析：自行车的逆袭

4.2 技术的媒介化是人类的生存方式

4.2.1 技术的媒介化促进了人体的进化

4.2.2 技术的媒介化弥补了人体的缺陷

4.2.3 技术的媒介化构成了人体的保护膜

4.2.4 案例分析：技术的媒介化与“清末新政”

4.3 技术的媒介化是认知发展的方式

4.3.1 技术的媒介化促进新知识形成

4.3.2 技术的媒介化改变认知方式

4.3.3技术的媒介化构建社会化标准

4.3.4 案例分析：大数据思维与数字人文的兴起

4.4 本章小结

第5章技术媒介化问题的进一步研究

5.1 从“是……”到“与……关系”

5.1.1“技术关系”决定“技术之所是”

5.1.2 三种主要的“技术关系”

5.2 技术媒介化研究的可能性

5.2.1 媒介化的意向性

5.2.2 将技术中止悬置

5.2.3 猜测的研究对象

5.2.4 认识论的合法性

5.3 走向现象学的技术媒介化研究

5.4 本章小结

结语

参考文献

摘要

技术的媒介化是指技术通过媒介化成为媒介化技术的技术现象。较之于经典信息论，本文所探讨的媒介技术不再局限于传播信息的通信信道，而是一种能够根据自身结构重构信息并传达内容偏好的技术存在。技术的媒介化并非是指技术的泛媒介化，技术媒介化的产物是媒介化的技术，不是所有的技术都是媒介化的技术，比如：物质生产技术就不属于媒介化的技术，而是技术生产化的产物。通过对技术史进行考察，文章认为技术的媒介化并非是技术概念上的改变或者说技术概念的媒介化，也不是技术定义的泛媒介化，作为一种生动的技术现象，技术的媒介化是真实存在的，媒介化的技术作为技术媒介化的产物是具体的。为了深入开展研究，本文以技术的媒介化现象为研究主线，借鉴传播学和技术哲学两大研究传统中相关思想理论，着重回答“何为技术的媒介化”、“技术如何媒介化”、“为何技术会媒介化”三个问题。最后本文反观前文，进一步研究技术的媒介化问题，尝试梳理出针对技术的媒介化现象的研究进路，以期突破以往研究范式。

第一章主要对技术媒介化的外延和内涵进行了划界与辨析。论文通过区分物的技术和现象的技术、技术的媒介化和技术的生产化，对技术媒介化的外延进行了划界。再通过辨析“技术的媒介化”所蕴含的“媒介”、“信息”和“技术”等核心概念与经典信息论中涉及到的“媒介”、“信息”及“技术”等概念之间的差异，以及“技术的媒介化”与“媒介的技术化”、“媒介技术”与“媒介化的技术”等相似概念之间的区别，进一步明确了技术媒介化的内涵。在此基础上，从人工物层面、文化符号层面以及社会环境层面详细分析了“何为技术的媒介化”。

第二章“技术如何媒介化”是“何为技术的媒介化”的逻辑延伸，与“技术的媒介化”的概念相对应，“技术如何媒介化”主要包含：“技术如何成为媒介技术人工物”、“技术如何成为文化符号”以及“技术如何成为社会环境”三个问题。论文以“技术介入到信息传播中”、“技术介入到身份构建中”、“技术介入到认知中”以及“技术介入到社会环境中”为线索，对上述三个问题进行了深入探讨。

第三章从内因和外因两个层面分析了“技术为何会媒介化”。矛盾是事物发展的动力，内部矛盾可以看作是内因，外部矛盾则可以看作是外因，内外因共同构成了技术媒介化的动力。技术的媒介化实际上是由技术内在和外在的矛盾性所引起自运动过程。技术媒介化的内因为技术与技术之间的矛盾，即：新旧技术发展之间的矛盾，新技术的出现和旧技术的消亡是技术演化的必然结果，而技术的媒介化正是新技术形成的重要途径，亦是技术演化的重要趋势。技术媒介化的外因为人与技术之间的矛盾，具体包括人类对物质和精神需求的无限性与自身能力有限性之间的矛盾，人类认知能力的有限性与认知对象的无限性之间矛盾，人类沟通手段的有限性与社会关系的复杂性之间的矛盾。同样，技术的媒介化是解决上述矛盾的重要途径，因此，技术的媒介化又构成了技术得以演化、人类得以生存、认知能够进步的重要途径。上述内因和外因共同构成了技术为何会媒介化的原因。

第四章进一步考察技术的媒介化问题。文章认为通过划分“物的技术”与“现象的技术”，“技术是……”的问题已经得到了回答，因此对于技术媒介化现象的研究应该从“技术是……”的问题转向“技术与……关系”的问题。基于此，本文对技术媒介化研究的认识对象、认知论的合法性以及研究的可能性进行了论证，并尝试梳理出一种更加适合研究技术媒介化现象及其问题的技术现象学研究路径。

结语部分对全文的研究脉络与研究结论进行了总结，认为本文初步试构建出了一个较完整的、以技术的媒介化现象为研究对象的技术哲学理论体系，以期对当今技术哲学提供新的研究视角。

关键词：技术哲学；媒介环境学；现象学

Abstract

The medialized of technology refers to the technical phenomenon that technology becomes medialized technology through media. In contrast to classical information theory, the medium discussed in this paper is no longer limited to a communication channel that disseminates information, but is a technological presence capable of reconstructing information and conveying content preferences according to its own structure. The mediated technology does not mean the pan-mediated technology, the product of the mediated technology is the medialized technology, not all technology is the medialized technology, for example: the material production technology is not the medialized technology, but the product of the technology production. By examining the history of technology, the mediatisation of technology is not a change in the conception of technology or the mediatisation of the conception of technology, nor is it a general mediatisation in the definition of technology. As a vivid technological phenomenon, the phenomenon of mediated technology is real, and medialized technology as a product of mediated technology is concrete. In order to carry out in-depth research, this paper takes the phenomenon of mediated technology as the research theme, draws on the academic ideas related to the study of mediated technology in the two research traditions of communication and philosophy of technology, and focuses on answering the questions of "What is the medialized technology", "How the technology become to the medialized technology", and "Why the technology can become to the medialized technology". Finally, this paper reviews the previous research, further studies the media of technology, and tries to sort out a more suitable research approach to the phenomenon about the mediated of technology , in order to break through the previous research paradigm.

The first chapter mainly demarcates and discriminates the denotation and connotation of technology intermediation. By distinguishing the technology of matter from the technology of phenomenon, the media of technology and the production of technology, the extension of the media of technology is demarcated. Then, by identifying the difference between similar concepts such as the mediatisation of technology and the technologisation of media, medialized technology and media technology, the connotation of the mediatisation of technology is clarified. On this basis, from the level of artifacts, cultural symbols and social environment, the paper analyzes in detail what is the media of technology.

The second chapter, " How the technology become to the medialized technology ", is a logical extension of " What is the medialized technology ". Including three questions:How technology becomes a medialized technology, how technology becomes a cultural symbol, and how technology becomes a social environment. Based on the clues of "technology involved in information dissemination,""technology involvedin identity construction""technology involved in cognition," and "technology involved in social environment," the paper discusses the above three issues in depth.

The third chapter analyzes the reasons why the technology can become to the medialized technology from the internal and external factors. Contradiction is the motive force of the development of things, the internal contradiction can be regarded as the internal cause, the external contradiction can be regarded as the external cause, and the internal and external causes together constitute the motive force of technology media. In other words, the intermediation of technology is actually a self-moving process caused by the contradiction between the internal and external of technology. The internal cause of technology intermediation is mainly the contradiction between technology and technology, that is, the contradiction between the development of new and old technologies. The emergence of new technologies and the disappearance of old technologies are the inevitable results of technology evolution. Technology intermediation is an important way to form new technologies and an important trend of technology evolution. The external cause of technology intermediation is embodied in the contradiction between human and technology, which specifically refers to the contradiction between the Infinity of human's material and spiritual needs and the limitation of human's own ability, the contradiction between the limitation of human's cognitive ability and the Infinity of cognitive objects, the contradiction between the limitation of human's communication means and the Infinity of social relations. Similarly, the intermediation of technology is an important way to solve the above-mentioned contradictions. Therefore, the intermediation of technology constitutes an important way for technology to evolve, human to exist and cognition to progress. The above internal and external factors together constitute the reason for the technology can become to the medialized technology.

The fourth chapter further investigates the problems about the technical phenomenon that technology becomes medialized technology through media.The paper argues that the question of "What the technology is ......" has been answered by dividing "technology of thing-in-intself" and "technology of phenomena". Therefore, the study of the phenomenon of mediated technology should shift from the question of "technology is ......" to the question of "the relationship between technology and ......". Based on this, this paper demonstrates the cognitive object, the legitimacy of cognitive theory and the possibility of the study of technology intermediation, and tries to sort out a more suitable research path of technology phenomenology to study the phenomenon and problems of medialized technology.

The concluding section summarizes the research lineage and conclusions of the whole paper, and concludes that this paper has initially tried to construct a more complete theoretical system of the philosophy of technology with the phenomenon of medialized technology as the object of study, with the aim of providing a new research perspective on the philosophy of technology today.

Key words: the philosophy of technology; media ecology; phenomenology